A growing body of evidence suggests physical fitness may play a key role in brain health and academic performance. In a new study scheduled for publication in the Journal of Pediatrics, researchers studied the independent and combined influence of components of physical fitness on academic performance. Cardiorespiratory capacity, muscular strength, and motor ability are components of physical fitness that have documented potential to improve health. Each fitness component is believed to affect the brain differently and thus contribute academic performance. According to Irene Esteban-Cornejo, MSc, Autonomous University of Madrid, "Because these physical fitness components are highly associated with each other, it is important to differentiate which physical fitness components are important in relation to academic performance." The study sample included 2,038 Spanish children and adolescents (six to 18 years of age) with complete data on physical fitness, body composition, and academic